Imizigo yihuta kandi ihendutse
Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Uburayi Byihuta kandi birahendutse
Bishyigikiwe n’ishoramari ryatanzwe na guverinoma y’Ubushinwa, ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi butuma ibicuruzwa biva mu majyaruguru no hagati mu Bushinwa bijyanwa mu bihugu byinshi by’Uburayi, rimwe na rimwe bigatanga ibirometero bya nyuma bitangwa n’ikamyo cyangwa inzira ngufi zo mu nyanja.Turareba ibyiza byo gutwara ibicuruzwa bya gari ya moshi hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Uburayi, inzira nyamukuru, hamwe nibitekerezo bifatika mugihe cyohereza ibicuruzwa muri gari ya moshi.
Ibyiza byo gutwara gari ya moshi Umuvuduko: Byihuta kuruta ubwato
Urugendo rwa gari ya moshi ruva mu Bushinwa rugana i Burayi, kuva kuri terminal kugera kuri terminal, kandi ukurikije inzira, bifata hagati yiminsi 15 na 18.Ibyo ni hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyigihe cyo kwimura kontineri mubwato.
Hamwe nibi bihe bigufi byo gutambuka, ubucuruzi burashobora kwihuta muburyo bwo guhindura isoko.Mubyongeyeho, igihe gito cyo gutambuka kiganisha ku kuzunguruka bityo rero ububiko buke murwego rwo gutanga.Muyandi magambo, ubucuruzi bushobora kubohora igishoro gikora no kugabanya igiciro cyacyo.
Kuzigama ikiguzi cyo kwishyura inyungu kububiko nizindi nyungu.Gari ya moshi rero ni uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja kubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bifite agaciro kanini, urugero.
Igiciro: Ntabwo bihenze kuruta indege
Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja butanga amafaranga make, kandi ubu ni bwo buryo bwo kohereza mu Bushinwa no kuva mu Bushinwa.Ariko, ibihe byo gutambuka ni birebire.Rero, iyo umuvuduko ari ngombwa, imizigo yo mu kirere iza gukina, nubwo ibiciro biri hejuru cyane.
Ukurikije aho ujya, aho ujya nubunini, gutwara kontineri ku nzu n'inzu bitwara imizigo ya gari ya moshi bikubye hafi inshuro ebyiri ibicuruzwa biva mu nyanja hamwe na kimwe cya kane cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu kirere.
Kurugero: Igikoresho cya metero 40 gishobora gutwara kg 22.000.Muri gari ya moshi, igiciro cyaba US $ 8,000.Ku nyanja, umutwaro umwe watwara hafi USD 4000 naho mukirere USD 32.000.
Mu myaka mike ishize, gari ya moshi yihagararaho hagati yinyanja nikirere, kuba bihenze kuruta imizigo yo mu kirere kandi byihuse kuruta kohereza mu nyanja.
Kuramba: Kubungabunga ibidukikije kuruta gutwara ibicuruzwa
Ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja bikomeza kuba uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n'ibidukikije.Nyamara, imyuka ya CO2 itwara ibicuruzwa bya gari ya moshi iri hasi cyane ugereranije n’imizigo yo mu kirere, impaka zikaba ari ngombwa.
Inzira za gari ya moshi zihuza Ubushinwa n'Uburayi
Hano hari inzira ebyiri zingenzi za gari ya moshi zitwara imizigo, hamwe numubare muto-muto:
1. Inzira y'amajyepfo inyura muri Qazaqistan no mu majyepfo y'Uburusiya ikwiranye cyane no gutwara ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa no hagati, urugero nko mu turere dukikije Chengdu, Chongqing na Zhengzhou.
2. Inzira y'amajyaruguru inyura muri Siberiya ni nziza mu gutwara ibintu mu turere two mu majyaruguru dukikije Beijing, Dalian, Suzhou na Shenyang.Mu Burayi, amaherere y'ingenzi ni Duisburg na Hamburg mu Budage, na Warsaw muri Polonye.
Gariyamoshi nibyiza kubucuruzi ibicuruzwa bifite ubuzima bumara igihe gito kuburyo bidashobora koherezwa mu nyanja.Birashimishije kandi kubicuruzwa biciriritse aho ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bihenze cyane.
Umubare munini woherezwa muri gari ya moshi uva muri Aziya ujya i Burayi ni iy'inganda nk'imodoka, abaguzi, gucuruza no kwerekana imideli, inganda n’ikoranabuhanga.Ibyinshi mu bicuruzwa bigenewe Ubudage, isoko rinini, ariko ibicuruzwa nabyo bijya mu bihugu bidukikije: Ububiligi, Ubuholandi, Ubufaransa, Danemarke, Ubusuwisi ndetse rimwe na rimwe bikagera mu Bwongereza, Espagne na Noruveje.
Guhuriza hamwe ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mubyoherejwe byuzuye
Usibye imizigo yuzuye (FCL), munsi yimitwaro ya kontineri (LCL) iherutse kuboneka, hamwe nabashinzwe gutanga ibikoresho bategura guhuza imizigo myinshi kubakiriya batandukanye mubikoresho byuzuye.Ibi bituma gari ya moshi ikemurwa kubyoherejwe bito.
Kurugero, DSV itanga serivise ya gari ya moshi ya LCL ikora buri gihe:
1. Shanghai to Duesseldorf: serivisi yimizigo ya buri cyumweru yuzuza ibintu bibiri bya metero 40
2. Shanghai to Warsaw: kontineri esheshatu kugeza kuri zirindwi 40 muricyumweru
3. Shenzhen i Warsaw: ikintu kimwe kugeza kuri bibiri bya metero 40 mu cyumweru
Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bwashoramari cyane mu guhuza gari ya moshi hagati ya Aziya n'Uburayi muri gahunda ya Belt and Road Initiative, yubaka gariyamoshi na gari ya moshi.Ishoramari ryerekana nigihe gito cyo gutambuka nigiciro gito mugihe kirekire.
Iterambere ryinshi riri munzira.Ibikoresho bya firigo (firigo) bizakoreshwa murwego runini cyane.Ibi bizafasha kwangirika gukemurwa neza.Kugeza ubu, imizigo yo mu kirere nuburyo bwibanze bwo kohereza ibintu byangirika, nigisubizo gihenze.Ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibintu bidafite ubunini busanzwe hamwe nibicuruzwa biteje akaga nabyo birareba.
Ibyo ugomba gusuzuma mugihe woherejwe na gari ya moshi Intermodal yoherejwe kumuryango
Nkuko bimeze ku bicuruzwa byo mu kirere no mu nyanja, ugomba kuzirikana ibicuruzwa mbere na nyuma yo kohereza ibicuruzwa byawe.Ku bicuruzwa bya gari ya moshi, ugomba kuba ufite ibicuruzwa bipakiye muri kontineri ishobora gukodeshwa muri depo ya kontineri.Niba ububiko bwawe buri hafi yububiko bwa kontineri, birashobora kuba byiza kwimura ibicuruzwa kumuhanda ujya kuri depo kugirango ubyohereze muri kontineri, aho gukodesha kontineri irimo ubusa kugirango yikoreze aho uri.Ibyo ari byo byose, ugereranije n'ibyambu byo mu nyanja, abakora gari ya moshi bafite depo nto cyane.Ugomba rero gusuzuma witonze ubwikorezi bwo kuva no kubitsa, nkuko umwanya wabitswe hari byinshi.
Ibihano byubucuruzi cyangwa ibihano
Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byinzira bihanishwa ibihano cyangwa kwangwa n’ibihugu by’Uburayi naho ubundi, bivuze ko ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora kubuzwa ibihugu bimwe na bimwe.Ibikorwa remezo byu Burusiya nabyo birashaje cyane kandi urwego rwishoramari ruri hasi cyane mubushinwa, urugero.Hariho kandi ko imipaka myinshi ihuza ibihugu idafite amasezerano yubucuruzi igomba kurenga.Irinde gutinda urebe ko impapuro zawe zikurikirana.
Kugenzura ubushyuhe
Igihe cyose ibicuruzwa byoherejwe na gari ya moshi, hari itandukaniro rinini ryubushyuhe bwibidukikije mugihe gito gikeneye kwitabwaho.Mubushinwa, birashobora gushyuha cyane, mugihe muburusiya, hakonje cyane.Ihinduka ryubushyuhe rishobora gutera ibibazo kubicuruzwa bimwe.Reba hamwe nogutanga ibikoresho kugirango ufate ibicuruzwa bisaba gutwara no kubika ubushyuhe bugenzurwa nubushyuhe.
