Kohereza mu Bushinwa muri Amerika - Ubuyobozi bwuzuye
Intangiriro
Ninzira itoroshye yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mubushinwa muri Amerika kubera ingaruka zabyo.Hariho intambwe zimwe zigomba kwitabwaho.
Ubwa mbere, ugomba kumenya neza ko ufite uruhushya, nimero itumiza hamwe nubumenyi buhagije kubyerekeye gasutamo.
Icya kabiri, uwatumije mu mahanga agomba guhitamo ibicuruzwa bizagurishwa mu gihugu cye.
Icya gatatu, gushaka abaguzi nabyo ni ngombwa ushobora kuboneka kumurongo ukoresheje imbuga za interineti mu Bushinwa cyangwa kuri interineti ukoresheje ubucuruzi cyangwa ibyifuzo byabacuruzi.
Icya kane, uwatumije mu mahanga agomba gushaka uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa ukurikije uburemere bwabyo, ubunini, ubwihutirwa nigiciro.Nyuma yibyo, ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bigomba gutambuka kandi hakishyurwa amahoro ya gasutamo.Hanyuma, imizigo igezwa mububiko hamwe na cheque yabatumiza kugirango barebe niba bakeneye ibyemezo mbere yo kugurishwa ku isoko.
Inzira zohereza mu Bushinwa zerekeza muri Amerika
Ubushinwa buherereye muri Aziya, bushobora kohereza imizigo muri Amerika binyuze mu nzira eshatu;Umuhanda wa pasifika, Umuhanda wa Atlantike n'umuhanda w'Abahinde.Cargos zitangwa mugice cyihariye cya Amerika ufata inzira yose.Iburengerazuba bwa Amerika y'Epfo, Inkombe y'Iburasirazuba bwa Amerika na Amerika y'Amajyaruguru byakira imizigo yimuwe iva mu nyanja ya pasifika, Atlantike n'Ubuhinde.Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo Kohereza Ubushinwa muri Amerika.Iyo serivisi nziza yo kohereza yatoranijwe hashingiwe kubikenewe na bije, amafaranga menshi azigama azagirira akamaro abaguzi n'abagurisha.Intambwe yambere yo gutangiza ubu bucuruzi nukubona amakuru menshi ajyanye nibikorwa kugirango dufate icyemezo neza.Inzira zimwe zizwi cyane ni ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja, imizigo yo mu kirere, inzu ku nzu, no kohereza ibicuruzwa.
Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja
Ibyambu byinshi kurutonde rwibyambu 10 byambere kwisi biri mubushinwa.Iyi ngingo yerekana ko Ubushinwa bufite ubushobozi bwo gukurura abakiriya benshi mpuzamahanga kandi bikaborohereza guhaha no kohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.Ubu buryo bwo kohereza bufite inyungu zimwe.
Ubwa mbere, igiciro cyacyo kirumvikana kandi neza ugereranije nubundi buryo.
Icya kabiri, ihererekanyabubasha rinini kandi riremereye rirashobora gutuma abagurisha babitwara byoroshye kwisi.Ariko, hariho imbogamizi aribwo bwihuta bwubu buryo butuma kwimurwa bidashoboka kubyihuta kandi byihutirwa.Kugirango ugabanye umubare munini wimirimo mugice kimwe cya Amerika, buri tsinda ryibyambu bigabanyijemo ibice bitandukanye;harimo, Inkombe y'Iburasirazuba, Inkombe y'Iburengerazuba na Gulf Coast.
Ibikoresho byoherezwa mu Bushinwa muri Amerika
Iyo bikenewe kumenya ubwoko butandukanye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mubushinwa bijya muri Amerika, hari ubwoko bubiri: Umutwaro wuzuye (FCL) hamwe na munsi ya Container Load (LCL).Kimwe mu bintu bigira ingaruka kubikoresho byoherezwa ni igihe.Amafaranga menshi arashobora kuzigama mugihe ibicuruzwa byimuwe mugihe cyigihe kitari gito.Ikindi kintu ni intera iri hagati yo kugenda nicyambu.Niba bari hafi, rwose bakwishyuza amafaranga make.
Ibikurikira ni kontineri ubwayo, bitewe n'ubwoko bwayo (20'GP, 40'GP, nibindi).Muri rusange, hakwiye kurebwa ko ibiciro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa bishobora gutandukana hashingiwe ku bwishingizi, isosiyete igenda hamwe nicyambu, isosiyete igana hamwe nicyambu hamwe nogutwara.
Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere
Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere nubwoko bwose bwibintu bitwarwa nindege.Nibyiza cyane gukoresha iyi serivise kubicuruzwa kuva kuri 250 kugeza 500.Ibyiza byayo biruta ibibi kuko ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bifite umutekano kandi byihuse ariko bikenera uwagurishije cyangwa umuguzi kugenzura ibyangombwa ubwabyo.
Iyo imizigo iri kukibuga cyindege, ubugenzuzi buzakorwa mumasaha make.Hanyuma, imizigo izava kukibuga cyindege niba inzira za gasutamo, kugenzura, gutwara imizigo hamwe nububiko bikomeje neza.Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere buva mu Bushinwa bugana muri Amerika bworohereza itangwa iyo ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gakomeye cyangwa nta mwanya munini wo kwakira ibicuruzwa mu nyanja.
Urugi ku rugi
Serivise kumuryango kumuryango ni ihererekanyabubasha ryibintu kuva kubigurisha kubigura nta guhagarika byinshi bizwi kandi nkumuryango ku cyambu, icyambu kugera ku cyambu cyangwa inzu ku nzu.Iyi serivisi irashobora gukorwa ninyanja, umuhanda cyangwa ikirere hamwe na garanti nyinshi.Kubera iyo mpamvu, isosiyete itwara ibicuruzwa itwara kontineri ikayizana mu bubiko bwabaguzi.
Kohereza Express mu Bushinwa muri Amerika
Kohereza Express bizwi cyane mubushinwa mwizina ryamasosiyete amwe nka DHL, FedEx, TNT na UPS ukurikije aho ujya.Ubu bwoko bwa serivisi butanga ibicuruzwa kuva muminsi 2 kugeza 5.Mubyongeyeho, biroroshye gukurikirana inyandiko.
Iyo ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mubushinwa muri Amerika, UPS na FedEx nuburyo bwizewe kandi buhendutse.Ibyinshi mubicuruzwa biva kumurongo muto kugeza kubintu bifite agaciro bitangwa murubu buryo.Byongeye kandi, kohereza ibicuruzwa byamamaye mubagurisha kumurongo kubera umuvuduko wacyo.
Ibibazo bijyanye no kohereza mubushinwa muri Amerika
Igihe bimara: mubisanzwe bifata iminsi igera kuri 3 kugeza kuri 5 kubitwara mu kirere bihenze ariko ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja bihendutse kandi ni iminsi 25, 27 na 30 yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mubushinwa muburayi bwiburengerazuba, Uburayi bwamajyepfo nu Burayi bwamajyaruguru.
Igiciro cyo kohereza: kibarwa hashingiwe ku buremere bwibicuruzwa, ingano y'ibicuruzwa, igihe cyo kugemura n'aho ujya.Muri rusange, igiciro ni $ 4 kugeza $ 5 kuri kilo kubitwara mu kirere bihenze kuruta kohereza mu nyanja.
Amabwiriza yo guhaha mubushinwa: icyifuzo cyiza nukwandika ibisobanuro byose byibicuruzwa ukunda kumasezerano yimpapuro mubushinwa kugirango ufate ibyateganijwe.Kandi, nibyiza ko ugenzura neza ubuziranenge muruganda mbere yo kohereza.
Nigute Wabona Amagambo yo Kwohereza mu Bushinwa muri Amerika?
Ibigo byinshi bifite sisitemu yo kubara ibiciro byoherezwa hamwe na cote kuko buri kintu gifite igiciro gihamye gikunze kuvugwa kuri Cubic Meter (CBM).
Kugirango wirinde kwishyurwa bitunguranye, birasabwa gusaba igiteranyo munsi yumwanya watanzwe (DAP) cyangwa Delivery Duty Unpaid (DDU) ukurikije uburemere nubunini bwibicuruzwa, aho ujya naho ujya hamwe na aderesi ya nyuma.
Iyo ibicuruzwa bikozwe kandi bipakiye, igiciro cyanyuma cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa kigomba kwemezwa bivuze ko ufite amahirwe yo kubona igereranyo [8].Kugirango ubone igiciro gikwiye, amakuru arambuye yatanzwe nabashinwa arakenewe:
* Izina nubunini bwibicuruzwa na code ya HS
* Kugereranya igihe cyo kohereza
Ahantu ho gutanga
* Uburemere, ingano nuburyo bwo kohereza
Uburyo bwubucuruzi
* Inzira yo gutanga: ku cyambu cyangwa ku muryango
Bitwara igihe kingana iki kohereza mu Bushinwa muri Amerika?
Mbere, byari hafi amezi 6 kugeza 8 kugirango tubone paki ziva mubushinwa zijya muri Amerika ariko ubu ni iminsi 15 cyangwa 16.Ikintu kigaragara ni ubwoko bwibikoresho.
Niba ibicuruzwa rusange nkibitabo n imyenda byoherejwe, mubisanzwe bifata iminsi igera kuri 3 kugeza kuri 6 mugihe bishobora gufata igihe kirekire kubicuruzwa byoroshye nkibiryo, ibiyobyabwenge na cosmetike.
